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Scalability

The capability of a system, process, or organization to handle growing amounts of work or to be enlarged to accommodate growth without compromising performance or efficiency.

engineeringarchitectureperformancegrowthsystems

Scalability is a critical design consideration in engineering and business. A scalable system can grow to meet increased demand while maintaining or improving cost-effectiveness and performance. This applies to technical systems (handling more users), business processes (serving more customers), and organizational structures (managing larger teams).

Key Principles

  • 1Design for 10x growth, not just 2x
  • 2Identify and eliminate bottlenecks early
  • 3Use horizontal scaling over vertical when possible
  • 4Monitor performance metrics continuously
  • 5Balance scalability with complexity

Examples

Netflix Streaming Scalability

Context: Video Streaming

Architected to scale from thousands to hundreds of millions of concurrent streams globally using cloud infrastructure

Amazon's Fulfillment Scalability

Context: E-commerce

Designed warehouses and logistics to scale from books to everything, handling millions of daily orders

WhatsApp's Technical Scalability

Context: Messaging

Achieved billions of users with minimal engineering team through highly scalable Erlang architecture

How to Apply

  • Designing systems to handle 10x or 100x growth
  • Planning infrastructure capacity and costs
  • Choosing technologies and architectures for long-term growth
  • Identifying bottlenecks before they become critical